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The open Function:

Before you can read or write a file, you have to open it using Python’s built-in open() function.

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Syntax

file object = open(file_name [, access_mode][, buffering])

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1. file_name:Name of file

2. access_mode: The access_mode determines the mode in which the file has to be opened ie. read, write append etc.
to see all access mode click here

3. buffering:Table shown below

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buffering value	meaning
0	no buffering will take place
1	line buffering will be performed while accessing a file
> 1	then buffering action will be performed with the indicated buffer size
< 0	the buffer size is the system default

EXAMPLE:

# open file
fo = open("foo.txt", "wb")
print "Name of the file: ", fo.name 
 

This would produce following result:

Name of the file: foo.txt 

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The close Function:

Close() method closes the file object Python automatically closes a file when the reference object of a file is reassigned to another file. It is a good practice to use the close() method to close a file.

SYNTAX:

fileObject.close(); 

EXAMPLE:

# open file
fo = open("aks.txt")
print "Name of the file: ", fo.name 
 
# Close opend file
fo.close()

# open file
fo=open("aks.txt",'w')
print (fo.name)
 
# Close opend file
fo.close()