## Indefinite Integral:

Method of substitution $$\int f\left(g(x)\right)\cdot g'(x) dx = \int f(u) du$$ Integration by parts $$\int f(x) \cdot g'(x)dx = f(x) \cdot g(x) - \int g(x) \cdot f'(x)dx$$

## Integrals of Rational and Irrational Functions:

$$\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C , n \ne 1$$ $$\int \frac{1}{x} dx = \ln|x| + C$$ $$\int c \, dx = c \cdot x + C$$ $$\int x \, dx = \frac{x^2}{2} + C$$ $$\int x^2 \, dx = \frac{x^3}{3} + C$$ $$\int \frac{1}{x^2} dx = -\frac{1}{x} + C$$ $$\int \sqrt{x} \, dx = \frac{2\cdot x \cdot \sqrt{x} }{3} + C$$ $$\int \frac{1}{1+x^2} dx = \arctan x + C$$ $$\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} dx = \arcsin x + C$$

## Integrals of Trigonometric Functions:

$$\int \sin x\,dx = -\cos x + C$$ $$\int \cos x\,dx = \sin x + C$$ $$\int \tan x\,dx = \ln|\sec x| + C$$ $$\int \sec x\,dx = \ln|\tan x + \sec x | + C$$ $$\int \sin^2x\,dx = \frac{1}{2}(x-\sin x \cdot \cos x) + C$$ $$\int \cos^2x\,dx = \frac{1}{2}(x + \sin x \cdot \cos x) + C$$ $$\int \tan^2x\,dx = \tan x - x + C$$ $$\int \tan^2x\,dx = \tan x - x + C$$ $$\int \sec^2x\,dx = \tan x + C$$

## Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions:

$$\int \ln x \,dx =x \cdot \ln x -x + C$$ $$\int x^n \cdot \ln x \,dx =\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} \ln x - \frac{x^{n+1}}{(n+1)^2} + C$$ $$\int e^x\,dx = e^x + C$$ $$\int a^x\,dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln a} + C$$